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ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition
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Excessive Cow's Milk Consumption and Iron Deficiency in Toddlers

Two Unusual Presentations and Review

Steven A. Bondi, JD, MD

Department of Primary Care and Community Medicine, Irwin Army Community Hospital, Fort Riley, Kansas, steven.bondi{at}us.army.mil

Kenneth Lieuw, MD, PhD

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland

Elimination of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in children is a crucial public health concern because these conditions have been linked to cognitive and behavioral deficits. In the infant age group, great strides have been made to reduce iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia significantly. However, similar progress has not yet been made with toddlers. Cow's milk consumption has long been associated with iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in children. Because cow's milk is a staple in the diet of most toddlers, they are at particular risk for these conditions. Two unusual presentations of anemia in toddlers caused by excessive cow's milk consumption are described: one in a child with congestive heart failure, the other in a child with profound eosinophilia. The role of cow's milk in iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is also examined.

Key Words: hematology and blood disorders • chronic disease management • early life span nutrition • developmental delays • growth and development

ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition, Vol. 1, No. 3, 133-139 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1941406409335481
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