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ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition
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Is Vitamin D Protective Against Development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Christos Steliou Zipitis, MB ChB Hons, MPH, MRCPCH

Department of Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK, czipitis{at}hotmail.com

The literature on vitamin D is expanding rapidly, and new associations with diseases are being described all the time. Many of these associations are derived from observational studies. Many question the importance of observations from such studies and call for a demonstration of effectiveness in what would be very long and expensive randomized controlled trials. This article focuses on the association between vitamin D and development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Although randomized controlled trials are necessary for clarifying some aspects of intervention, this article demonstrates that the Hill criteria on causality are fulfilled and that randomization to no supplementation is in fact unethical.

Key Words: vitamin D • meta-analysis • supplementation • type 1 diabetes • causation

ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition, Vol. 1, No. 2, 108-112 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1941406409333467
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